Stald Symbiosis

Stald's chapter, "Mobile identity: Youth, identity, and mobile communication media," provides solid insight into the exploration of fluidity across communication styles, purpose, identity, presence, time, and fleeting contextual influences.  What proved most interesting to me was the recurrent theme through which symbiosis of physical identity and a mobile, or data-driven identity is created. In each of Stald's sections, recurrent language exploring this type of bond stood out to me.  To begin with, a sixteen-year-old boy is quoted on page 146: "'The question is if it has deprived us of the possibility of being 'offline?''"

The implications of not being “offline” or further, not having the ability to part from the mobile are haunting, and clearly delineate the younger generation from their elders.  While I would hazard to guess that most of us not from Generation Next use mobile devices and would not want to lose our information or device, (if anything, simply because it costs way too much to get a new one), we still clearly see a separation of data/information from self-identity.  Rarely do we see the mobile device as a precursor to friendships, a symbol of trust, a “promise of eternal loyalty” (p. 153).  Rarely does an "older" individual see the mobile as a medium of self-reflection.  Rather, its primary function is communication.  The extensions of friendship, loyalty, trust, self-reflection – the “link between social and personal identity” (p. 151) are those of the person – assumed responsibilities of the human alone.  The mobile device (much like the old-fashioned telephone) simply provides access towards meeting these ends for the older generations.  “Again and again, [youth] discussed on the one hand the almost uncontrollable use of the mobile, their fear of being without it and of being disconnected to their social network, and on the other hand, their experience of being unable to control the information flow…” (p. 150). 

As Stald explores the usefulness and necessity of the mobile device for Danish youth, she also begins to uncover the depth through which youth rely on the mobile and the position it resultantly takes in their life – evidenced in the way the youth begin to describe the active roles/relationship the mobiles assume.  “The mobile is a line to instant friendly support and emotional presence” (p. 152). Through her exploration of presence, Stald further recognizes that presence is a synonym for being.  The mobile provides emotional bonds; it is the infrastructure as well as the symbol for security, identity, and relation to group.  In other words, the mobile comes to represent the self; “…the absence of the mobile… is a threat to the important updating of the social network, and hence also to one’s own position, one’s ability to take part in social activities, and ultimately to one’s self-perception or identity” (p. 152).

The concept of no free moments is rather frightening to me, particularly as a mother of two young boys.  My husband and I consequently began to discuss the implications of this simple, resoundingly profound aspect.  Without the ability to "turn off" a mobile device, do individuals lose out on the sacred, private space of reflection?  When Stald described the “kind of cyborg” on page 158, I timidly began to fear witnessing my own son’s cyborg reality as a mobile device. When do we purchase telephones for our children? At the age of 13? 15? How, and what will we discuss with our children as they explore the identity play and symbiosis involved with these mobile devices? Are our children in danger of more influence, more influx of horrific messages because of this symbiosis?  Or, conversely, are we focusing too much on the infrastructure what is technologically happening and not the ethical guidance.  Afterall, all across the globe people have been succeeding with a lack of quiet, alone space for many years…how have thousands of children in India adapted with such grace yet often, with such a lack of space?  Access is simply access. It is a necessary, important  component, and we might revisit the role it will play in working to buttress and/or breakdown injustice if mobile devices are such a necessity for enculturation. An equally important question we might want to be asking is: how will we educate our students given this “intense pace of communication and of intellectual and emotional experience,” particularly in light one of Einstein’s famous quotes:  “I never teach my pupils. I only attempt to provide the conditions in which they can learn...?” 

Below are two links I thought were great/ lighter and helped me explore this concept of symbiosis a bit more. I am still struggling with it, and not entirely sure about how the intersection of addiction meets with mobile identity. Yet, Stald definitely articulated a much better interpretation of the importance of these devices for me.  In the video, a South Park spoof on Facebook, Stan is confronted by a friend who refuses to see the “physical” presence of their friendship, and instead focuses on this ephemeral, “data double” or symbolic presence that Stald articulates.

The other link is an article that, interestingly enough, led me to watch South Park.  If you get the chance, the entire episode is pretty hilarious… be forewarned lots of cuss words though.

Stald, G. (2008). “Mobile Identity: Youth, Identity, and Mobile Communication Media." Youth, Identity, and Digital Media. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press

by: Cristian Ghinea, Constantin Vica 

"The digital Pharmakon" retrieved October 25, 2010

http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2010-10-08-vicaghinea-en.html

Boyd...

Boyd’s article was fascinating.  Two statements immediately struck me.

Primarily, in discussing identity performance, she acknowledges that the process of writing the self into being on a mediated public involves a catch-22.  More control is evident, including explicit self-reflexivity and “the self-monitoring that Foucault describes” (2008, p. 129).  However, simultaneously, “digital bodies are fundamentally coarser, making it far easier to misinterpret what someone is expressing” (p.129).  Secondly, in addressing privacy in public, Boyd writes: “When outsiders search for and locate participants, they are ill prepared to understand the context; instead they project the context in which they relate to the individual offline onto the individual in this new online space” (p. 133).

While Boyd’s article was important in many aspects, what it did for me was bring back my wintering knowledge of literary criticism.  The above two statements provided an interesting mirror to the timeline of how writing has been understood and critiqued.  In questioning these mediated publics and the writing that exists, I see functions of aesthetics, quality of theme, similitude in dissimilitude, (Arnold, Coleridge), catharsis or symbolism (Freud, Lacan), ideology (Marx), ironic potential (Brooks), poststructural criticism in recognizing the ephemeral hierarchy of speech to print (Derrida, Foucault), reader response theory (Fish), expression as “the building up of an integral experience out of the interaction of organic and environmental conditions and energies.” (Dewey, p. 484), and further feminist theory such as that from Elizabeth Flynn that labeled “productive interaction…where comprehension is attained when the reader achieves a balance between empathy and judgment by maintaining a balance of detachment and involvement” (1273), and the conception of the multiple persona/ a tolerance for ambiguity (Anzaldua), among many others.  (The two anthologies I used to briefly summarize are listed below.)

In other words, literacy -- interacting -- on mediated publics involves very sophisticated reading when identity performance, community, and privacy are such overt concepts. Teens often navigate the layers of symbols, media, and print without recognizing such sophistication in addition to navigating the contradictions and hypocrisy of our societal structure (Boyd, 2008, p. 136).  What may happen in the absence of sophistication is the antithesis of understanding – the danger of the single story (Chimamanda Adiche) and the construction of the self in such a manner as well.  Boyd concludes: “As a society, we need to figure out how to educate teens to navigate social structures that are quite unfamiliar to us because they will be faced with these publics as adults, even if we try to limit their access now” (p.138).  I would suggest that exploring the evolution of literary criticism and basic media literacy offers a solid starting point through which this education might begin. Critical pedagogy is often a powerful tool in combination with exploration of identity and voice.

Anzaldua, G. (1997). La conciencia de la mestiza: Towards a new consciousness. In

 R. R. Warhol & D. Price Herndl (Eds.), Feminisms: An anthology of literary theory and

 criticism (2nd ed., pp. 765-775). New York: Rutgers.       

Dewey, J. (1989). The act of expression. In D. H. Richter (Ed.), The critical tradition:

Classic texts and contemporary trends (pp. 484-499). New York: St. Martin's Press.    

Flynn, E. A. (1989). Gender and reading. In D. H. Richter (Ed.), The critical tradition:

Classic texts and contemporary trends (pp. 1271-1284). New York: St. Martin's Press.

Richter, D. H. (Ed.). (1989). The critical tradition: Classic texts and contemporary

trends. New York: St. Martin's Press.           

Stern...

Producing Sites, Exploring Identities: Youth Online Authorship

With her definitions of Sites: blogs, websites, and Social Networking Sites (SNS), Stern clearly describes the technological aspects of on-line communication. In my reaction to Susannah Stern’s article, I am most interested in two key terms: identity and authorship and how they interweave. 

This article reminded me of Zines. Back when I was in high school (20 years ago), I had several friends who self-published or helped in creating Zines.  These were underground magazine/ pamphlet type publications that included poetry, artwork, fictional short stories, non-fiction essays, political propaganda, and often directions to the next underground party. Often the authors were anonymous.  These Zines were dark, roughly printed, often mocking societal constraints and full of cuss words. The alternative to these Zines was the Literary Club who published similar components (save the propaganda and party directions) in a more formal, “respectable” format in which no anonymity was present. All authors were proudly presented.  The difference between these two forms of authorship related to the identity of the kids at hand.  Clearly, the Literary Club was for kids who were “academic," traditional and most often White (in a Eurocentric sense). My friends who came from either alternative/Hippie backgrounds or were Hispanic punks produced the Zines. 

I am also reminded of a film that spoke largely of similar ideas and came out the year I graduated – Pump Up the Volume. It was largely about Teen anonymity and identity, pirate radio, suicide and disconnect with the elder generation, particularly in education. I remember loving the movie.

The difference between anonymous work and “named” work used to rely more heavily on someone else’s judgment – a teacher, a parent, a principal, executives, etc. One important component that I see with the authorship that is occurring on-line is the presence of true, authentic identity with any work.  This is not clearly positive or negative, as Stern explores, and as Kevin adamantly states in his Blog posting regarding frightening self-expression.  Even as we play around with false identity or unconventional identities, we are exploring self-expression. Writing is a dialogic process, creative, reflective or both. That being stated, I believe it is also important to recognize that a factor of Site Production is also the need to belong.  This is their generation

It is crucial to allow Youth (all of us, really) to explore the multiple nuances of identities. Particularly as we recognize the complexities of Discourse and the integration of cultural shift, we must recognize that identity is never a solid concept.  It is ever changing.  For instance, as Jill aptly described on a discussion board, we have now added the Discourse of doctoral student onto our individual identities. In addition, we are a cohort, supporting each other’s intellectual and spiritual well-being.  As Youth explore these nuances and are provided a more useful forum to do this (on-line) perhaps the recognition of adults is particularly crucial in respect to safety. The wisdom of media literacy and critical thinking skills become much more than a simple lesson to be taught and notched away.

In reflecting on identity and authorship, I wonder if the same trend follows on-line as it did 20 years ago; are the anonymous publishers largely of a particular race or socioeconomic status? If not, how is access to particular sites measured? What about other boundaries Youth begin to explore, such as Ana sites? How do traditionally marginalized students explore the benefits of on-line publication? Are they able to explore the intricacies of their identities? When a family is struggling to survive (for a number of given reasons -- immigration, poverty, language, illness, ghetto, environment, cultural disconnect,) how do these ideals that Stern is talking about -- technological challenge, catharsis, self-documentation, conceptualizing the audience, self-presentation --  fit in? Are students from these families even participating in Online Authorship? If so, how could it or does it transcend into social justice?

i love xkcd...